 |
| Schematic diagram of light-induced assembly of extracellular vesicles (EV) Using laser irradiation, the researchers managed to directly detect nanoscale EVs in a cell supernatant within minutes. Illustration Credit: Takuya Iida, Osaka Metropolitan University |
Scientific Frontline: Extended "At a Glance" Summary: Ultrafast Biological Nanoparticle Detection
The Core Concept: A novel diagnostic methodology enabling the ultrafast, ultrasensitive quantitative measurement of biological nanoparticles, such as nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs), in just five minutes.
Key Distinction/Mechanism: Rather than relying on time-consuming and complex ultracentrifugation for extraction, this technique utilizes laser light to rapidly accelerate reactions between nanoscale EVs and antibody-modified microparticles, followed by three-dimensional structural analysis of the aggregates using confocal microscopy.
Origin/History: Developed by a research team at the Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS) at Osaka Metropolitan University and published in Nanoscale Horizons.
Major Frameworks/Components:
- Targeting of nanoscale extracellular vesicles/exosomes (50–150 nm in diameter) from trace biological samples (500 nL).
- Application of laser light to induce and accelerate rapid molecular aggregation.
- Utilization of antibody-modified microparticles to bind specific target EVs.
- Three-dimensional aggregate analysis via confocal microscopy.
Branch of Science: Nanotechnology, Biophysics, Clinical Diagnostics, Molecular Biology.
Future Application: Serves as a foundation for innovative, real-time analysis of cell-to-cell communication and facilitates the rapid, early clinical diagnosis of intractable conditions like cancer and Alzheimer's disease.
Why It Matters: The ability to rapidly and sensitively detect disease biomarkers from microscopic trace samples eliminates the need for prolonged extraction processes, drastically improving the speed, viability, and scalability of early diagnostic screening.
Can particles as minuscule as viruses be detected accurately within a mere 5 minutes? Osaka Metropolitan University scientists say yes, with their innovative method for ultrafast and ultrasensitive quantitative measurement of biological nanoparticles, opening doors for early diagnosis of a broad range of diseases.
Nanoscale extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes, with diameters of 50–150 nm, play essential roles in intercellular communication and have garnered attention as biomarkers for various diseases and drug delivery capsules. Consequently, the rapid and sensitive detection of nanoscale EVs from trace samples is of vital importance for early diagnosis of intractable diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. However, the extraction of nanoscale EVs from cell culture media previously required a complex and time-consuming process involving ultracentrifugation.
A research team led by Director Professor Takuya Iida, Deputy Director Associate Professor Shiho Tokonami, and Assistant Director Professor Ikuhiko Nakase, from the Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS) at Osaka Metropolitan University, has utilized the power of laser light to accelerate the reaction between nanoscale EVs derived from cancer cells and antibody-modified microparticles. The three-dimensional structure of the resulting aggregates was then analyzed using confocal microscopy. As a result, the researchers demonstrated the ability to measure, within 5 minutes, approximately 103–104 nanoscale EVs contained in a 500 nL sample.
Professor Iida concluded, “This research achievement provides a method for ultrafast and ultrasensitive quantitative measurement of biological nanoparticles, offering a foundation for innovative analysis of cell-to-cell communication and early diagnosis of various diseases in the future.”
Funding: This study was supported by the JST-Mirai Program (No. JPMJMI18GA, No. JPMJMI21G1), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (No. JP17H00856, No. JP21H04964), JST FOREST Program (No. JPMJFR201O), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No. JP18H03522), Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No. JP16H06507), Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists (No. JP20K15196) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI, and the Key Project Grant Program of Osaka Prefecture University.
Published in journal: Nanoscale Horizons
Authors: Kana Fujiwara, Yumiko Takagi, Mamoru Tamura, Mika Omura, Kenta Morimoto, Ikuhiko Nakase, Shiho Tokonami and Takuya Iida
Source/Credit: Osaka Metropolitan University
Reference Number: nt100623_01