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| Warnings and Alerts | |
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Issue Time: 2026 Jan 31 0503 UTC
CONTINUED ALERT: Electron 2MeV Integral Flux exceeded 1000pfu Continuation of Serial Number: 3615 Begin Time: 2026 Jan 21 0950 UTC Yesterday Maximum 2MeV Flux: 9214 pfu Potential Impacts: Satellite systems may experience significant charging resulting in increased risk to satellite systems. Space Weather Scales |
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| Current Condition and Alerts | |
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Product: Geophysical Alert Message
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Issued:
2026 Jan 31 1210 UTC
Prepared
by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Geophysical Alert Message Solar-terrestrial indices for 30 January follow. Solar flux 128 and estimated planetary A-index 10. The estimated planetary K-index at 1200 UTC on 31 January was 0.67. No space weather storms were observed for the past 24 hours. No space weather storms are predicted for the next 24 hours. Space Weather Scales |
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| Forecast Discussion | |
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Issued: 2026 Jan 31 1230 UTC
Prepared
by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Solar Activity .24 hr Summary... Solar activity was at low levels. Regions 4349 (S14W79, Cso/beta) and 4357 (S14W53, Cro/beta) produced low level C-class flares with the latter exhibiting decay. Region 4366 (N13E58, Dai/beta-delta) was of note during the reporting period as it underwent evolution, gaining asymmetric penumbra and a delta signature in its intermediate spot group. AR 4366 produced C-class flares as well, the largest of which was a C6.2 flare at 31/1052 UTC. A C6.0 flare originating from beyond the western limb occurred at 31/0512 UTC. A subsequent CME was then first observed in LASCO C2 coronagraph imagery at approximately 31/0512 UTC. This event is not expected to have an Earth-directed component given its source location. No Earth-directed CMEs were observed. .Forecast... Solar activity is expected to be low with a slight chance for M-class flares (R1-R2, Minor-Moderate) through 02 Feb. Energetic Particle .24 hr Summary... The greater than 2 MeV electron flux reached high levels with a peak flux of 9,213 pfu observed at 30/1710 UTC. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux was below the S1 (Minor) threshold. .Forecast... The greater than 2 MeV electron flux is expected to continue at moderate to high levels through 01 Feb, then decrease to low to moderate levels by 02 Feb. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux is expected to remain at or near background levels through 02 Feb. Solar Wind .24 hr Summary... Solar wind parameters reflected diminishing negative polarity CH HSS conditions. Total field averaged 3-4 nT, the Bz component was near neutral, and solar wind speed decreased from ~550 km/s to just under 450 km/s by the end of the period. Phi was predominantly in a negative orientation. .Forecast... An ambient-like solar wind regime is expected to continue through 02 Feb. Geospace .24 hr Summary... Geomagnetic field activity was was quiet levels. .Forecast... Mostly quiet conditions are expected to prevail through 02 Feb under an ambient-like solar wind regime. Space Weather Scales |
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| Three Day Forecast | |
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Issued: 2026 Jan 31 1230 UTC
Prepared
by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 2 (below NOAA Scale levels). The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Jan 31-Feb 02 2026 is 2.00 (below NOAA Scale levels). NOAA Kp index breakdown Jan 31-Feb 02 2026 Jan 31 Feb 01 Feb 02 00-03UT 2.00 1.67 1.67 03-06UT 2.00 1.67 1.33 06-09UT 1.67 1.67 1.00 09-12UT 0.67 1.33 1.00 12-15UT 1.00 1.33 0.67 15-18UT 1.33 1.33 1.33 18-21UT 1.33 1.33 1.67 21-00UT 1.67 1.33 1.67 Rationale: No G1 (Minor) or greater geomagnetic storms are expected. No significant transient or recurrent solar wind features are forecast. B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was below S-scale storm level thresholds. Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Jan 31-Feb 02 2026 Jan 31 Feb 01 Feb 02 S1 or greater 1% 1% 1% Rationale: No S1 (Minor) or greater solar radiation storms are expected. No significant active region activity favorable for radiation storm production is forecast. C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast No radio blackouts were observed over the past 24 hours. Radio Blackout Forecast for Jan 31-Feb 02 2026 Jan 31 Feb 01 Feb 02 R1-R2 15% 15% 15% R3 or greater 1% 1% 1% Rationale: A slight chance for R1-2 (Minor-Moderate) radio blackouts due to isolated M-class flare activity will persist through 02 Feb primarily due to the flare potential currently exhibited by AR 4366. Space Weather Scales |
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| Weekly Highlights and Forecasts | |
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Issued: 2026 Jan 26 0257 UTC
Prepared
by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Highlights of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 19 - 25 January 2026 Solar activity reached moderate levels on 19 and 21 Jan with three M-class flares (R1-Minor) observed. Region 4345 (S17, L=39, class/area=Esi/160 on 24 Jan) produced an M1.1 flare at 19/1119 UTC and an M1.1/Sf flare at 21/0135 UTC. Region 4349 (S14, L=336, class/area=Dso/230 on 25 Jan) produced an M3.4/1b flare at 21/0712 UTC, the strongest flare of the week. No Earth-directed CMEs were observed in association with flare activity from 19-25 Jan. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux reached S4 (Severe) storm levels on 19 Jan, decreased to S2 (Moderate) levels on 20 Jan, and remained at S1 (Minor) levels on 21-22 Jan following an X1.9/3b flare from Region 4341 that peaked at 18/1809 UTC. Proton fluxes gradually declined over 23-25 Jan. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit reached high levels on 19 and 21-25 Jan, with normal to moderate levels observed on 20 Jan. Geomagnetic field activity reached G4 (Severe) storm levels on 19-20 Jan and G3 (Strong) levels on 21 Jan following the arrival of a halo CME associated with the X1.9/3b flare at 18/1809 UTC from Region 4341. G1 (Minor) storming was observed on 22 Jan due to lingering CME effects and the onset of positive polarity CH HSS influences. Active conditions were observed on 23-24 Jan, with quiet to unsettled levels observed on 25 Jan, in response to continued positive polarity CH HSS influences. Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 26 January - 21 February 2026 Solar activity is expected to be predominately low with a varying chance for M-class flares (R1-R2/Minor-Moderate) through 21 Feb. No proton events are expected at geosynchronous orbit. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to reach high levels on 26, 28-31 Jan and 01-03, 06-12, 15-21 Feb. Normal to moderate flux levels are expected to persist through the remainder of the period. Geomagnetic field activity is likely to reach G1 (Minor) storm levels on 28 Jan and 13 Feb, with active periods likely on 29 Jan and 04-05, 14-21 Feb, due to the influences of multiple, recurrent CH HSSs. Quiet and quiet-to-unsettled conditions are expected to prevail throughout the remainder of the outlook period. Space Weather Scales |
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| About AIA Images | |
| The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is designed to provide an unprecedented view of the solar corona, taking images that span at least 1.3 solar diameters in multiple wavelengths nearly simultaneously, at a resolution of ~ 1 arcsec and at a cadence of 10 s or better. The primary goal of the AIA Science Investigation is to use these data, together with data from other SDO instruments and from other observatories, to significantly improve our understanding of the physics behind the activity displayed by the Sun's atmosphere, which drives space weather in the heliosphere and in planetary environments. The AIA will produce data required for quantitative studies of the evolving coronal magnetic field, and the plasma that it holds, both in quiescent phases and during flares and eruptions; the AIA science investigation aims to utilize these data in a comprehensive research program to provide new understanding of the observed processes Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Daily Image AIA 171 | |
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| Daily Image AIA 171 PFSS Model | |
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| Daily Image AIA 193 | |
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| Daily Image AIA 304 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 171 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 171 PFSS Model | |
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| Daily Video AIA 193 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 304 | |
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| About the HMI Images | |
| (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) HMI is an instrument designed to study oscillations and the magnetic field at the solar surface, or photosphere. HMI is one of three instruments on the Solar Dynamics Observatory; together, the suite of instruments observes the Sun nearly continuously and takes a terabyte of data a day. HMI observes the full solar disk at 6173 Å with a resolution of 1 arcsecond. HMI is a successor to the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. This is very much how the Sun looks like in the visible range of the spectrum (for example, looking at it using special 'eclipse' glasses: Remember, do not ever look directly at the Sun!). The magnetogram image shows the magnetic field in the solar photosphere, with black and white indicating opposite polarities. Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Daily Image HMI Continuum | |
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| Daily Image HMI Magnetogram | |
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| About LASCO Images | |
| LASCO (Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph) is able to take images of the solar corona by blocking the light coming directly from the Sun with an occulter disk, creating an artificial eclipse within the instrument itself. The position of the solar disk is indicated in the images by the white circle. The most prominent feature of the corona are usually the coronal streamers, those nearly radial bands that can be seen both in C2 and C3. Occasionally, a coronal mass ejection can be seen being expelled away from the Sun and crossing the fields of view of both coronagraphs. The shadow crossing from the lower left corner to the center of the image is the support for the occulter disk. C2 images show the inner solar corona up to 8.4 million kilometers (5.25 million miles) away from the Sun. C3 images have a larger field of view: They encompass 32 diameters of the Sun. To put this in perspective, the diameter of the images is 45 million kilometers (about 30 million miles) at the distance of the Sun, or half of the diameter of the orbit of Mercury. Many bright stars can be seen behind the Sun. Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Combined C2 C3 and AIA 304 | |
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| Log Polar View C2 C3 and AIA 304 | |
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| Combined C2 C3 and AIA 304 Video | |
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| Log Polar View C2 C3 and AIA 304 Video | |
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| Space Weather Videos | |
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| Space Weather Information | |
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Demystifying Space Weather An article by Scientific Frontline Informative information and glossary about “Space Weather” Space weather has become increasingly important in our modern world due to our growing reliance on technology. It can impact various aspects of our daily lives, from communication and navigation systems to power grids and even astronaut safety. In this deep dive, we'll explore the intricacies of space weather, its causes, its effects, and why understanding it is crucial in our technology-dependent society. |
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