Celebrating 15 Years of Women and Girls in Science at KAUST

Photo Credit: Courtesy of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

This year marks the 10th anniversary of the United Nation’s International Day of Women and Girls in Science. It also marks 15 years since King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) was established as the first mixed-gender university in Saudi Arabia. Since then, KAUST has been a pioneer in championing women and girls in science in the Kingdom and across the Middle East. Today we celebrate all KAUST’s female graduates and scientists, many of whom have achieved remarkable success in their careers, such as becoming professors at leading universities worldwide, taking leadership roles in Saudi ministries and giga-projects, and founding tech companies that drive investment and create jobs in the Kingdom.     

KAUST's world-class research and education, supported by initiatives and projects like the KAUST Gifted Student Program (KGSP), the Ibn Rushd fellowship program and the KAUST Entrepreneurship Center, have been instrumental in this success. These programs nurture talent, foster innovation and empower women to excel in science and technology.   

Women of Science: A Legacy of Achievement

Future generations to pursue their passions and break down barriers in the pursuit of knowledge.
Image Credit: Scientific Frontline stock image

Throughout history, women have made groundbreaking contributions to science, despite facing significant societal barriers and a lack of recognition. Their relentless pursuit of knowledge and innovation has shaped our understanding of the world and paved the way for future generations of scientists. This article celebrates the achievements of some of these remarkable women, highlighting their struggles and the impact of their work.

The women featured in this article, along with countless others throughout history, have made invaluable contributions to the advancement of science. Their achievements, often accomplished in the face of adversity and societal barriers, have shaped our understanding of the world and paved the way for future generations of scientists. These women demonstrate the power of perseverance, the importance of challenging established norms, and the profound impact that individual dedication can have on scientific progress. By recognizing and celebrating their legacies, we not only honor their contributions but also inspire future generations to pursue their passions and break down barriers in the pursuit of knowledge.

Halas awarded Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry

Rice University’s Naomi Halas is the recipient of the 2025 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry.
 Photo Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University

Rice University’s Naomi Halas is the recipient of the 2025 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry, awarded “for the creation and development of nanoshells — metal-coated nanoscale particles that can capture light energy — for use in many biomedical and chemical applications.”

Halas’ work has pioneered new insights into how light and matter interact at the smallest scales. When she joined Rice in 1989 to support the efforts of the late Richard Smalley in advancing the burgeoning field of nanoscale science and technology, her experience working on laser science in the research-intensive milieus of IBM Yorktown and AT&T Bell Laboratories gave her a unique perspective: Halas recognized that the nanoscale world was not something foreign — it was, fundamentally, chemistry.

“A lot of people were talking about nano like it was something completely new,” said Halas, who is University Professor at Rice, the institution’s highest academic rank. “But I realized it was really just chemistry viewed in a different way, and that really got me thinking about how I can combine the worlds of laser science and nanoscience.”

That shift in perspective led to the development of a new family of nanoparticles with tunable optical properties, triggering a series of influential discoveries and enabling applications in fields ranging from cancer therapy to water purification to light-driven chemistry and renewable energy.

Biology Graduate Student Contributes to Research in Neurodegenerative Disease

PhD student Asmer Aliyeva
Photo Credit: Courtesy of University at Albany

Asmer Aliyeva, a fourth-year PhD candidate in the biology department at the College of Arts and Sciences, is working to reveal the molecular mechanisms behind neurodegenerative diseases. In collaboration with her colleagues in the Berglund Lab, Aliyeva aim is to identify possible therapeutic targets against this class of disease, with a focus on spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs).

Spinocerebellar ataxias are a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases that affect coordination and balance, for which there is currently no cure. Aliyeva’s research looks at transcriptomic changes in patient-derived cell lines that could holds clues for common disease mechanisms associated with different types of SCAs. 

Recent findings suggest that dysregulation of alternative splicing plays a key role in disease progression, which could lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic discoveries. Aliyeva recently led a study on this topic, coauthored with members of the Berglund Lab at the RNA Institute, published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics. 

Aliyeva's research also examines how defects in alternative splicing contribute to the disease and whether these changes can be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease onset and progression. This work is a crucial first step in providing a better understanding of potential pathways for future treatments of these diseases.

Genetic diversity is on the decline, but this trend can be slowed

Photo Credit: Tomáš Malík

Genetic diversity is crucial to the ability of animals and plants to adapt to changes in the climate and environment. A major international meta-analysis, published in the journal Nature, shows that genetic diversity is declining globally. But there is hope – effective conservation measures can slow this trend.

For a species to adapt to changes in its environment, a high degree of genetic variation between individual entities is crucial. The greater the diversity, the more likely it is that certain genes will make, for example, a plant more resistant to drought or an animal better adapted to higher temperatures. These genes can then be passed on to future generations and contribute to the survival of the species.

An international research team that includes Uppsala University, Stockholm University and the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency has analyzed genetic changes in 628 species over a period of more than 30 years. The study is based on data from more than 80,000 scientific papers and shows that genetic diversity is declining globally, especially among birds and mammals. At the same time, there are conservation measures that have proven to be effective.

“Overall, the study shows that there are effective conservation methods and data that allow for strategic targeting of actions. But then the genetic component needs to be considered,” says Sara Kurland, Postdoctoral Fellow at the Department of Earth Sciences and one of the researchers behind the study.

New technology lights way for accelerating coral reef restoration

Improving coral feeding habits can have a positive domino effect on the marine ecosystem.
Photo Credit: Francesco Ungaro

Scientists have developed a novel tool designed to protect and conserve coral reefs by providing them with an abundance of feeding opportunities. 

The device, dubbed the Underwater Zooplankton Enhancement Light Array (UZELA), is an autonomous, programmable underwater light that works to draw in nearby zooplankton, microscopic organisms that coral feed on. 

After testing the submersible on two species of coral native to Hawaii over six months, researchers found that UZELA could greatly enhance local zooplankton density and increase the feeding rates of both healthy and bleached coral. Importantly, providing coral with greater amounts of food makes them stronger and more likely to be resilient against certain environmental threats, like heat stress or ocean acidification.

This result is impressive, especially at a time when rising ocean temperatures are forcing entire coral reefs to the cusp of collapse, said

Microplastics discovered in Antarctica

A view over the Ellsworth Mountains, West Antarctica.
Photo Credit: Steve Gibbs, BAS

Scientists have discovered microplastics in the snow near some of Antarctica’s deep field camps, revealing how far-reaching plastic pollution has become. While not new, it’s the first time these tiny pieces of plastic have been found in remote locations.

The study was conducted at field camps, at Union Glacier and Schanz Glacier (near the Ellsworth Mountains), where researchers were carrying out field work, and the South Pole where the US Antarctic Program has a research station. It is the first time a new and advanced technique has been used to detect microplastics as small as 11 micrometers (about the size of a red blood cell) in the snow in Antarctica. The study is published this week (6 February 2025) in the journal Science of the Total Environment.

The findings surprised the team as microplastics were found at concentrations ranging from 73 to 3,099 particles per liter of snow. Most of these particles (95%) were smaller than 50 micrometers (0.005 cm, the size of most human cells), suggesting previous studies may have underestimated the extent of microplastic pollution in the region due to less sensitive detection methods.

Previous methods involved hand-picking particles and fibers out of samples for laboratory analyses. However, the newer technique involves melting snow through filter paper and scanning this at a high resolution, using infrared spectroscopy, so any plastics above 11 micrometers can be identified.