Research in Fruit Flies Pinpoints Brain Pathways Involved in Alcohol-Induced Insomnia

Adrian Rothenfluh, PhD (left), and Maggie Chvilicek (right), authors on the recent study.
Photo Credit: Courtesy of University of Utah Health

Alcohol use disorder, which affects over 10% of Americans, can lead to persistent and serious insomnia. Difficulties falling asleep and staying asleep can last even after months of sobriety, increasing the risk of relapse. But treating withdrawal-related insomnia is difficult, partly because what’s going on in the brain in this condition remains largely mysterious.

 Now, research in fruit flies has identified specific brain signals and groups of brain cells that are involved in alcohol-induced insomnia. This work could ultimately lead to targeted treatments for alcohol-related sleep loss, helping people recover from alcohol use disorder.

  “The effects of alcohol on sleep seem to be localized to a particular cell type in the brain, which is not something that’s ever been shown before,” says Maggie Chvilicek, graduate researcher in neuroscience at the University of Utah and lead author on the study. She adds that these cells often do similar things in flies and humans. “The mechanism that we identified is something that very likely could also exist in a mammalian brain.”

Research Pinpoints Weakness in Lung Cancer’s Defenses

A microscope image of lung cancer cells (purple) containing the activated form of a metabolic enzyme called GUK1 (brown) that supports cancer growth.
Image Credit: Haigis lab

Lung cancer is a particularly challenging form of cancer. It often strikes unexpectedly and aggressively with little warning, and it can shapeshift in unpredictable ways to evade treatment.

While researchers have gleaned important insights into the basic biology of lung cancer, some of the disease’s molecular maneuvers have remained elusive.

Now, a team led by scientists at Harvard Medical School has made strides in understanding how a genetic flaw in some lung cancers alters cancer cell metabolism to fuel the disease.

Working with mouse models and human cancer cells, the researchers identified a metabolic enzyme called GUK1 in lung cancers harboring an alteration in the ALK gene. Their experiments showed that GUK1 plays an important role in boosting metabolism in tumor cells to help them grow.

The findings, reported in Cell and supported in part by federal funding, provide a clearer picture of how metabolism works in lung cancer.

The research could set the stage for developing therapies that target GUK1 to curb cancer growth, the team said.

UCLA researchers find high levels of the industrial chemical BTMPS in fentanyl

Image Credit: Colin Davis

A UCLA research team has found that drugs being sold as fentanyl contain high amounts of the industrial chemical bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, or BTMPS. This new substance of concern emerged in the illicit drug supply nearly simultaneously in multiple U.S. locations from coast-to-coast.

From June through October 2024, the team quantitatively tested samples of drugs sold as fentanyl that had high levels of the chemical, which belongs to a class of compounds called hindered amine light stabilizers and has a variety of applications including as a sealant, adhesive, and additive to plastics. 

The paper is published in the peer-reviewed journal JAMA.

“The emergence of BTMPS is much more sudden than previous changes in the illicit drug supply, and the geographic range where it was detected nearly simultaneously suggests it may be added at a high level in the supply chain,” said study lead Chelsea Shover, an assistant professor-in-residence at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. “This is concerning because BTMPS is not approved for human consumption, and animal studies have shown serious health effects such as cardiotoxicity and ocular damage, and sudden death at certain doses.” 

Women of Science: A Legacy of Achievement

Future generations to pursue their passions and break down barriers in the pursuit of knowledge.
Image Credit: Scientific Frontline stock image

Throughout history, women have made groundbreaking contributions to science, despite facing significant societal barriers and a lack of recognition. Their relentless pursuit of knowledge and innovation has shaped our understanding of the world and paved the way for future generations of scientists. This article celebrates the achievements of some of these remarkable women, highlighting their struggles and the impact of their work.

The women featured in this article, along with countless others throughout history, have made invaluable contributions to the advancement of science. Their achievements, often accomplished in the face of adversity and societal barriers, have shaped our understanding of the world and paved the way for future generations of scientists. These women demonstrate the power of perseverance, the importance of challenging established norms, and the profound impact that individual dedication can have on scientific progress. By recognizing and celebrating their legacies, we not only honor their contributions but also inspire future generations to pursue their passions and break down barriers in the pursuit of knowledge.

Discovery of unexpected collagen structure could ‘reshape biomedical research’

Jeffrey Hartgerink is a professor of chemistry and bioengineering at Rice.
Photo Credit: Courtesy of Jeffrey Hartgerink / Rice University

Collagen, the body’s most abundant protein, has long been viewed as a predictable structural component of tissues. However, a new study led by Rice University’s Jeffrey Hartgerink and Tracy Yu, in collaboration with Mark Kreutzberger and Edward Egelman at the University of Virginia (UVA), challenges that notion, revealing an unexpected confirmation in collagen structure that could reshape biomedical research.

The researchers used advanced cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine the atomic structure of a packed collagen assembly that deviates from the traditionally accepted right-handed superhelical twist. Published in ACS Central Science, the study suggests collagen’s structural diversity may be greater than previously believed.

“This work fundamentally changes how we think about collagen,” said Hartgerink, professor of chemistry and bioengineering. “For decades, we have assumed that collagen triple helices always follow a strict structural paradigm. Our findings show that collagen assemblies can adopt a wider range of conformations than previously thought.”

Halas awarded Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry

Rice University’s Naomi Halas is the recipient of the 2025 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry.
 Photo Credit: Jeff Fitlow/Rice University

Rice University’s Naomi Halas is the recipient of the 2025 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry, awarded “for the creation and development of nanoshells — metal-coated nanoscale particles that can capture light energy — for use in many biomedical and chemical applications.”

Halas’ work has pioneered new insights into how light and matter interact at the smallest scales. When she joined Rice in 1989 to support the efforts of the late Richard Smalley in advancing the burgeoning field of nanoscale science and technology, her experience working on laser science in the research-intensive milieus of IBM Yorktown and AT&T Bell Laboratories gave her a unique perspective: Halas recognized that the nanoscale world was not something foreign — it was, fundamentally, chemistry.

“A lot of people were talking about nano like it was something completely new,” said Halas, who is University Professor at Rice, the institution’s highest academic rank. “But I realized it was really just chemistry viewed in a different way, and that really got me thinking about how I can combine the worlds of laser science and nanoscience.”

That shift in perspective led to the development of a new family of nanoparticles with tunable optical properties, triggering a series of influential discoveries and enabling applications in fields ranging from cancer therapy to water purification to light-driven chemistry and renewable energy.

Biology Graduate Student Contributes to Research in Neurodegenerative Disease

PhD student Asmer Aliyeva
Photo Credit: Courtesy of University at Albany

Asmer Aliyeva, a fourth-year PhD candidate in the biology department at the College of Arts and Sciences, is working to reveal the molecular mechanisms behind neurodegenerative diseases. In collaboration with her colleagues in the Berglund Lab, Aliyeva aim is to identify possible therapeutic targets against this class of disease, with a focus on spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs).

Spinocerebellar ataxias are a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases that affect coordination and balance, for which there is currently no cure. Aliyeva’s research looks at transcriptomic changes in patient-derived cell lines that could holds clues for common disease mechanisms associated with different types of SCAs. 

Recent findings suggest that dysregulation of alternative splicing plays a key role in disease progression, which could lead to new biomarkers and therapeutic discoveries. Aliyeva recently led a study on this topic, coauthored with members of the Berglund Lab at the RNA Institute, published in the journal Human Molecular Genetics. 

Aliyeva's research also examines how defects in alternative splicing contribute to the disease and whether these changes can be used as potential biomarkers for monitoring disease onset and progression. This work is a crucial first step in providing a better understanding of potential pathways for future treatments of these diseases.

Native bee populations can bounce back after honey bees move out

A native bee sits on a purple flower on the left, while a honey bee sits on a yellow flower on the right.  Photo Credit: © Margarita López-Uribe

Managed honey bees have the potential to affect native bee populations when they are introduced to a new area, but a study led by researchers at Penn State suggests that, under certain conditions, the native bees can bounce back if the apiaries are moved away.

The research, published in the Journal of Insect Science, examined the effects of migratory beekeeping — the practice of moving honey bee colonies to a different location for part of the year — on native bee populations. 

The researchers found that when managed honey bees were moved into an area, the population of native bees decreased in abundance and diversity. However, in places where apiaries were kept for years and then removed, the native bee populations once again increased in both total numbers and species diversity.

Margarita López-Uribe, the Lorenzo L. Langstroth Early Career Professor of Entomology in the College of Agricultural Sciences and co-author of the paper, said the findings suggest that while migratory beekeeping can be a disturbance to native bees, it may also be possible for those populations to recover.

Spliceosome: How Cells Avoid Errors When Manufacturing Mrna

Quality control during splicing: When an error in the precursor mRNA is detected, the spliceosome is blocked, the recruited control factors interrupt the “normal” cycle, and a molecular short circuit causes the spliceosome to disassemble.
Image Credit: © K. Wild, K. Soni, I. Sinning

A complex molecular machine, the spliceosome, ensures that the genetic information from the genome, after being transcribed into mRNA precursors, is correctly assembled into mature mRNA. Splicing is a basic requirement for producing proteins that fulfill an organism’s vital functions. Faulty functioning of a spliceosome can lead to a variety of serious diseases. Researchers at the Heidelberg University Biochemistry Center (BZH) have succeeded for the first time in depicting a faultily “blocked” spliceosome at high resolution and reconstructing how it is recognized and eliminated in the cell. The research was conducted in collaboration with colleagues from the Australian National University.

Genetic research unlocks new ways to prevent and treat multiple long-term conditions

Image Credit: Scientific Frontline stock image

The largest study to date to analyze millions of both genetic and patient records on the long-term health conditions of later life has identified opportunities for new ways to prevent and treat multiple overlapping conditions.  

Currently, nine million people in the UK live with two or more long-term conditions at the same time – known as multimorbidity. Their treatment accounts for half of the NHS budget. 

Led by the University of Exeter Medical School and funded by the Medical Research Council and the National Institute for Health and Care Research, the GEMINI study looked at both genetics and clinical information from more than three million people in the UK and Spain.  

Published in eBioMedicine  research has identified genetic overlaps in 72 long-term health conditions associated with ageing, to identify where specific genes are linked to two or more conditions. With more than 2,500 combinations of conditions analyzed, the program aims to unlock cases where a drug or prevention strategies can prevent or delay the onset of multimorbidity. It also revealed genetic connections that explain why certain conditions may be more likely to co-occur in the same patient.