| Warnings and Alerts | |
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Issue Time: 2025 Nov 07 0831 UTC
ALERT: Type IV Radio Emission Begin Time: 2025 Nov 07 0732 UTC Description: Type IV emissions occur in association with major eruptions on the sun and are typically associated with strong coronal mass ejections and solar radiation storms. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Issue Time: 2025 Nov 07 0806 UTC ALERT: Type II Radio Emission Begin Time: 2025 Nov 07 0737 UTC Estimated Velocity: 1169 km/s Description: Type II emissions occur in association with eruptions on the sun and typically indicate a coronal mass ejection is associated with a flare event. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Issue Time: 2025 Nov 07 0725 UTC ALERT: Geomagnetic K-index of 5 Threshold Reached: 2025 Nov 07 0716 UTC Synoptic Period: 0600-0900 UTC Active Warning: Yes NOAA Scale: G1 - Minor Potential Impacts: Area of impact primarily poleward of 60 degrees Geomagnetic Latitude. Induced Currents - Weak power grid fluctuations can occur. Spacecraft - Minor impact on satellite operations possible. Aurora - Aurora may be visible at high latitudes, i.e., northern tier of the U.S. such as northern Michigan and Maine. Space Weather Scales |
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| Current Condition and Alerts | |
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Issued: 2025 Nov 07 1210 UTC
Prepared
by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Geophysical Alert Message Solar-terrestrial indices for 06 November follow. Solar flux 163 and estimated planetary A-index 43. The estimated planetary K-index at 1200 UTC on 07 November was 4.00. Space weather for the past 24 hours has been minor. Geomagnetic storms reaching the G1 level occurred. Radio blackouts reaching the R1 level occurred. Space weather for the next 24 hours is predicted to be strong. Geomagnetic storms reaching the G3 level are likely. Radio blackouts reaching the R2 level are expected. Space Weather Scales |
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| Forecast Discussion | |
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Issued: 2025 Nov 07 1230 UTC
Prepared
by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Solar Activity .24 hr Summary... Solar activity again reached moderate levels due to an M1.7/1N flare at 07/0716 UTC from Region 4274 (N24E22, Ekc/beta-gamma-delta). Accompanying the flare were Type II (est 1169 km/s) and Type IV radio sweeps, and a very faint, asymmetric halo CME first noted in LASCO C2 imagery at ~07/0724 UTC. This region remains the most complex region on the visible disk and was responsible for the majority of the flare activity during the period. This included a C8.7/Sf flare at 07/0919 UTC, as well as multiple low- to mid-level C-class flares. Other notable flare producing regions were Regions 4272 (N22E05, Hsx/alpha) and 4276 (S17E59, Dai/beta-gamma). Region 4276 produced a C9.3 flare at 06/2002 UTC, the second largest flare of the period, while Region 4272 added a C5.7/Sf flare at 06/1825 UTC. Analysis is underway to determine if the CME associated with the M1.7 flare has an Earth-directed component. .Forecast... Solar activity is expected to remain at moderate to high levels (R1/R2 - Minor-Moderate), with a chance for isolated X-class (R3-Strong) flares, on 07-09 Nov as the regions in the eastern hemisphere remain active and magnetically complex. Energetic Particle .24 hr Summary... The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geostationary orbit was at normal to moderate levels. The greater than 10 MeV proton flux remains at background levels. .Forecast... The greater than 2 MeV electron flux is expected to be at normal to moderate levels on 07-08 Nov, likely reaching high levels on 09 Nov following an increase in solar winds associated with the CME/CH HSS. Due to the complexity and history of Region 4274, there remains a slight chance of an S1 (Minor) radiation storm. Solar Wind .24 hr Summary... Solar wind parameters reflected the likely combined arrival of the 03 Nov CMEs and the co-rotating interacting region (CIR) ahead of the negative polarity CH HSS. A subsequent enhancement around 07/0445 UTC was likely the arrival of an additional CME, further enhancing the solar wind environment. The total field averaged near 10 nT, but increased late in the period, reaching a peak near 17 nT. Bz fluctuated between +/-10 nT through 07/0445 UTC when it observed southward deviations to -16 nT. Solar winds began the period around 540 km/s before subsequent enhancements pushed them to reach over 850 km/s by ~07/1030 UTC. Phi was predominantly in a negative orientation. .Forecast... Solar wind parameters are expected to remain enhanced on 07 Nov due to the likely arrival of the first 05 Nov full halo CME combined with CH HSS influence. A second CME from 05 Nov is expected to arrive on 08 Nov, further enhancing solar wind parameters. By late on 09 Nov, conditions are likely to begin tapering off, barring any additional CME activity. Geospace .24 hr Summary... The geomagnetic field began the period at quiet levels before increasing steadily throughout the period, reaching G1 (Minor) storm levels from the combined effects of the aforementioned CME, CIR, and CH HSS. .Forecast... G3 (Strong) storming levels remain possible on 07 Nov as influence from the likely arrival of the 05 Nov full halo CME combine with the CH HSS. G2 conditions are likely with the arrival of the second CME late on 08 Nov. Barring any additional CME activity, unsettled to active conditions are likely to prevail on 09 Nov. Space Weather Scales |
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| Three Day Forecast | |
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Issued: 2025 Nov 07 1230 UTC
Prepared
by the U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
A. NOAA Geomagnetic Activity Observation and Forecast The greatest observed 3 hr Kp over the past 24 hours was 5 (NOAA Scale G1). The greatest expected 3 hr Kp for Nov 07-Nov 09 2025 is 7.00 (NOAA Scale G3). NOAA Kp index breakdown Nov 07-Nov 09 2025 Nov 07 Nov 08 Nov 09 00-03UT 5.00 (G1) 4.67 (G1) 3.67 03-06UT 5.33 (G1) 4.67 (G1) 3.67 06-09UT 5.00 (G1) 4.00 3.00 09-12UT 4.33 3.67 3.00 12-15UT 6.00 (G2) 3.33 3.00 15-18UT 4.67 (G1) 4.00 3.00 18-21UT 4.00 5.67 (G2) 3.33 21-00UT 7.00 (G3) 4.33 3.33 Rationale: G3 (Strong) storming levels remain possible on 07 Nov as influence from the likely arrival of the 05 Nov full halo CME combine with the CH HSS. G2 conditions are likely with the arrival of the second CME late on 08 Nov. B. NOAA Solar Radiation Activity Observation and Forecast Solar radiation, as observed by NOAA GOES-18 over the past 24 hours, was below S-scale storm level thresholds. Solar Radiation Storm Forecast for Nov 07-Nov 09 2025 Nov 07 Nov 08 Nov 09 S1 or greater 20% 20% 20% Rationale: Due to the complexity and history of Region 4274, there remains a slight chance of an S1 (Minor) radiation storm. C. NOAA Radio Blackout Activity and Forecast Radio blackouts reaching the R1 levels were observed over the past 24 hours. The largest was at Nov 07 2025 0716 UTC. Radio Blackout Forecast for Nov 07-Nov 09 2025 Nov 07 Nov 08 Nov 09 R1-R2 80% 80% 80% R3 or greater 30% 35% 35% Rationale: Solar activity is expected to remain at R1/R2 (Minor-Moderate) levels, with a chance for isolated R3 (Strong) events, on 07-09 Nov as the regions in the eastern hemisphere remain active and magnetically complex. Space Weather Scales |
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| Weekly Highlights and Forecasts | |
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Issued: 2025 Nov 03 0428 UTC
Prepared
by the US Dept. of Commerce, NOAA, Space Weather Prediction
Center
Highlights of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 27 October - 02 November 2025 Solar activity was at low levels on 27 Oct - 01 Nov. Solar activity reached moderate levels on 02 Nov due to a single M1.0 flare that occurred at 02/0026 UTC from a region beyond the East limb and became the largest flare of the week. All the active regions that crossed the visible solar disk this week presented a simple magnetic configuration (alpha or beta) and an unremarkable overall activity. Region 4267 (N04, L=60, class/area=Cso/120 on 28 Oct) was the most flaring region during the week, with three C-class flares: a C1.6 at 28/1626 UTC, a C4.7 at 01/1655 UTC and a C8.2 at 02/1246 UTC. Three Type-II radio bursts were observed on 29-31 Oct and were likely associated with far-sided activity: 29/0012 UTC (est. speed 1,357 km/s), 30/0424 UTC (est. 691 km/s) and 31/2013 UTC (est. 542 km/s). Multiple CMEs were observed in coronagraph imagery during the week, but they were mostly far-sided. The CME that erupted around 30/0645 UTC from a region near N21E32 presented a potential Earth-directed component, and its modeled propagation suggested a partial impact on Earth's magnetosphere arriving on 02 Nov. However, no clear CME influences were observed on the solar wind data near-Earth during the period. No proton events were observed at geosynchronous orbit. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit reached the 1,000 pfu threashold around 31/1200 UTC and remained at high levels until the end of the period. The maximum > 2MeV electron flux of 1,260 pfu was observed on 02/1650 UTC by the GOES-19 satellite. Geomagnetic field activity was quiet on 27 Oct and 01 Nov, and reached active levels on 28-31 Oct and 02 Nov. Five synoptic periods of minor storming (G1) levels were observed on 30-31 Oct due to the solar wind maximum disturbances caused by the high speed stream (HSS) associated to a positive coronal hole that dominated the geospace during the period. Forecast of Solar and Geomagnetic Activity 03 November - 29 November 2025 Solar activity is expected to be at moderate levels on 03-17 Nov due to the delayed return of Regions 4246 and 4248, that seem to be rotating into the Earthside solar disk between 03-04 Nov. At least two other regions are expected to emerge from the East limb until 10 Nov, as observed at GONG farside images. Solar activity could remain at moderate levels through 29 Nov if these regions have significant magnetic complexity. No proton events are expected at geosynchronous orbit. However, if the upcoming returning Regions 4246 and 4248 continue to be magnetically complex with enhanced activity, an isolated proton event is possible between 07-12 Nov. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to remain at high levels until 13 Nov, due to the persistent perturbations at Earth's magnetosphere associated to the CH HSS. Moderate levels are expected on 14-26 Nov period, and high levels are expected to return on 27 Nov. Geomagnetic field activity is expected to be mostly quiet to active during the 27-day period, with minor storming (G1) levels likely on 07-08, 15 and 26-27 Nov due to recurrence of CH HSS influences. Space Weather Scales |
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| About AIA Images | |
| The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) is designed to provide an unprecedented view of the solar corona, taking images that span at least 1.3 solar diameters in multiple wavelengths nearly simultaneously, at a resolution of ~ 1 arcsec and at a cadence of 10 s or better. The primary goal of the AIA Science Investigation is to use these data, together with data from other SDO instruments and from other observatories, to significantly improve our understanding of the physics behind the activity displayed by the Sun's atmosphere, which drives space weather in the heliosphere and in planetary environments. The AIA will produce data required for quantitative studies of the evolving coronal magnetic field, and the plasma that it holds, both in quiescent phases and during flares and eruptions; the AIA science investigation aims to utilize these data in a comprehensive research program to provide new understanding of the observed processes Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Daily Image AIA 171 | |
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| Daily Image AIA 171 PFSS Model | |
| Currently No Data AIA 171 PFSS Channel | Region of atmosphere | Primary ion(s) 171Å | quiet corona, upper transition region | Fe IX | |
| Daily Image AIA 193 | |
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| Daily Image AIA 304 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 171 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 171 PFSS Model | |
| Currently No Data PFSS Video | |
| Daily Video AIA 193 | |
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| Daily Video AIA 304 | |
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| About the HMI Images | |
| (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) HMI is an instrument designed to study oscillations and the magnetic field at the solar surface, or photosphere. HMI is one of three instruments on the Solar Dynamics Observatory; together, the suite of instruments observes the Sun nearly continuously and takes a terabyte of data a day. HMI observes the full solar disk at 6173 Å with a resolution of 1 arcsecond. HMI is a successor to the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. This is very much how the Sun looks like in the visible range of the spectrum (for example, looking at it using special 'eclipse' glasses: Remember, do not ever look directly at the Sun!). The magnetogram image shows the magnetic field in the solar photosphere, with black and white indicating opposite polarities. Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Daily Image HMI Continuum | |
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| Daily Image HMI Magnetogram | |
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| About LASCO Images | |
| LASCO (Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph) is able to take images of the solar corona by blocking the light coming directly from the Sun with an occulter disk, creating an artificial eclipse within the instrument itself. The position of the solar disk is indicated in the images by the white circle. The most prominent feature of the corona are usually the coronal streamers, those nearly radial bands that can be seen both in C2 and C3. Occasionally, a coronal mass ejection can be seen being expelled away from the Sun and crossing the fields of view of both coronagraphs. The shadow crossing from the lower left corner to the center of the image is the support for the occulter disk. C2 images show the inner solar corona up to 8.4 million kilometers (5.25 million miles) away from the Sun. C3 images have a larger field of view: They encompass 32 diameters of the Sun. To put this in perspective, the diameter of the images is 45 million kilometers (about 30 million miles) at the distance of the Sun, or half of the diameter of the orbit of Mercury. Many bright stars can be seen behind the Sun. Left Click Image for screen size, Right Click Image and open in new tab for full size. | |
| Combined C2 C3 and AIA 304 | |
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| Log Polar View C2 C3 and AIA 304 | |
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| Combined C2 C3 and AIA 304 Video | |
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| Log Polar View C2 C3 and AIA 304 Video | |
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| Space Weather Videos | |
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| Space Weather Information | |
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Demystifying Space Weather An article by Scientific Frontline Informative information and glossary about “Space Weather” Space weather has become increasingly important in our modern world due to our growing reliance on technology. It can impact various aspects of our daily lives, from communication and navigation systems to power grids and even astronaut safety. In this deep dive, we'll explore the intricacies of space weather, its causes, its effects, and why understanding it is crucial in our technology-dependent society. |
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